What is a reference
Reference is essentially the information of a reference, such as the names of authors and editors; Place of publication; At the time of publication
Between; Journal number, etc.
References usually appear in two places in a paper:
In the main body of the paper, it is commonly referred to as citation;
The list of references that appears at the end of the paper is commonly referred to as References or Bibliography
Harvard citation format
Basic rules:
Each citation in the article typically includes the author’s surname (only Last Name is required) and the year of publication.
The title of the publication, whether it is a book or a journal, should be in italics.
● In text citation: If indirectly cited, the format is (author’s surname, year); Direct reference, single page format
For (author’s surname, year, p.), the multi page format is (author’s surname, year, pp. # # – # #).
● End of text citation: Similar to other citation formats, all references are listed alphabetically based on the author’s surname arrange in order.
First step reference
The first step in creating a good citation format for a paper is to collect literature and carefully take notes, taking note of the complete publication information for each literature.
These details should include:
● The author’s name; Publication date; Text title;
If it is a journal article, it is the title and volume number of the journal;
If it is a book, record the title of the book and the publisher and place of publication;
If it is a chapter of a book, record the page numbers of the first and last pages.
For particularly important points or verbatim quoted parts of the text, page numbers should also be recorded.
Literature List
Journal articles
Last name, First initial (Year published) Article title Journal, Volume (Issue), Page (s)
Example:
Ross, N (2015) On Truth Content and False Conscientiousness in Adorno’s Aesthetics Theory
Philosophy Today, 59 (2), pp 269-290. Dismuke, C. and Egede, L. (2015). The impact of Cognitive, Social and Physical Limitations or
Income in Community Dwelling Adults With Chronic Medical and Mental Disorders Global Journal of Health Science, 7 (5), pp 183-195
It is necessary to include the name and number of the journal, rather than the publisher and place of publication.
Additionally, the use of italics should correspond to the journal name, not the article title.
book
Last name, First initial (Year published) Title Edition (Only include the edition if it is not the first edition) City published: Publisher, Page (s)
Example:
Dahl, R (2004) Charlie and the chocolate factory 6th ed New York: Knopf
Vermaat, M, Sebok, S, Freund, S, Campbell, J. and Friedenberg, M. (2014). Discovering Computers. Boston: Cenge Learning,
Pp.446-448
The cited literature information should include: the author’s surname and first name or abbreviation; Publication date; Book title; Place of publication; The name of the publisher.
Please note that the book title should be in italics.
When there are multiple authors cited in a book, the names of all authors should be listed in the literature list. This needs to be distinguished from the references in the text.
network resource
Last name, First initial (Year published) Page title [online] Website name Available at: URL [Attended Day Mo. Year]
If the web page author is not listed, use the following format:
Website name, (Year published), Page title [online] Available at: URL [Attended Day Mo. Year]
Example:
Messer, L (2015) ‘Fancy Nancy’ Optioned by Disney Junior [online] ABC News Available at:
http://abcnews.go.com/entertainment/fancy-nancy-optioned-disney-junior-2017/story?
Id=29942496 # VRWbWJwmbs0. Twitter [accessed 31 Mar. 2015]
Mms.com, (2015). M&M’S Official Website
[online] Available at: http://www.mms.com/ [Processed 20 Apr. 2015]
Citation within the text
If the author is two or three, the surnames of all authors need to be listed. When there are multiple authors, the surname of the first author is usually given, followed by the addition of et al.
Two authors
“A range of values can express emotion, too. Stark, high contrast drawings may carry a strong emotional charge” (Lazzari and Schleiser, 2011, p.66)
Three authors
“More than consistently seeking approval from others, try to seek approval from the person who knows the most – yourself” (Bardes, Shelley and Schmidt, 2011, p.99)
Multiple authors
Potter et al (2013, p.101) Go on to explain that “among the most Catholic Filipinos, parents keep the newborn inside the home until after the baby to ensure the baby’s health and protection.”“
